do not ignore entries starting with .

do not list implied . and ..

with −l, print the author of each file

print C−style escapes for nongraphic characters

scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '−−block−size=M' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below

do not list implied entries ending with ~

with −lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with −l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

list entries by columns

colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below

list directories themselves, not their contents

generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

do not sort, enable −aU, disable −ls −−color

append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

likewise, except do not append '*'

across −x, commas −m, horizontal −x, long −l, single−column −1, verbose −l, vertical −C

like −l −−time−style=full−iso

like −l, but do not list owner

group directories before files;

can be augmented with a −−sort option, but any use of −−sort=none (−U) disables grouping

in a long listing, don't print group names

with −l and/or −s, print human readable sizes (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

follow symbolic links listed on the command line

follow each command line symbolic link

that points to a directory

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by −a or −A)

append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (−p), file−type (−−file−type), classify (−F)

print the index number of each file

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

default to 1024−byte blocks for disk usage

use a long listing format

when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

fill width with a comma separated list of entries

like −l, but list numeric user and group IDs

print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

like −l, but do not list group information

append / indicator to directories

print ? instead of nongraphic characters

show nongraphic characters as−is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

enclose entry names in double quotes

use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell−always, c, escape

reverse order while sorting

list subdirectories recursively

print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

sort by file size, largest first

sort by WORD instead of name: none (−U), size (−S), time (−t), version (−v), extension (−X)

with −l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use (−u); ctime or status (−c); also use specified time as sort key if −−sort=time (newest first)

with −l, show times using style STYLE: full−iso, long−iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non−recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix−', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

sort by modification time, newest first

assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

with −lt: sort by, and show, access time; with −l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time, newest first

do not sort; list entries in directory order

natural sort of (version) numbers within text

assume screen width instead of current value

list entries by lines instead of by columns

sort alphabetically by entry extension

print any security context of each file

list one file per line. Avoid '\n' with −q or −b

display this help and exit

output version information and exit